Robert Frost1 Essay Example For Students

The Effects Of Color On Personality And Relationships E

The Effects Of Color On Personality And Relationships The Effects of Color on Personality and Relationships Colorado Christian University When managing relational connections people groups characters are an enormous piece of how individuals get along. At the point when you meet a renewed individual you may state that you hit it off or that you just clicked; this is because of how every others characters concur with one anothers. People groups characters are affected by there environmental factors. This paper will talk about how shading influences people groups temperaments and characters. All individuals are influenced by their environmental factors. Emily Landen after a journey to a few underdeveloped nations expressed, the youngsters were malnourished to the point that it made me genuinely sick to keep on being around them ordinary. This is only a short case of how ones environmental factors can influence a people mental wellbeing as well as their physical wellbeing too. It is the discoveries of this creator that unpretentious things like shading can influence a people character. Now and again in our bustling lives i t is once in a while barely noticeable a portion of the seemingly insignificant details that may cause impact on how we interface with our spouses and kids. After much thought esteem was found for the contention that there are impacts on us every day by the hues that we encompass our selves with. Fascinating to thing that the shading that we paint our rooms may impact whether we have a decent day at work or whether we are feeling incredible when we return home. The primary known investigations of shading were done in old Greece by Aristotle, hypothesized that shading existed as beams sent down from the sky by God. His hypothesis was not contested until the Renaissance when Aguilonius and Sigfrid Forsius grew increasingly refined shading frameworks. Aguilonius' framework was the main endeavor at characterizing all hues and depended on his perceptions of the changing shade of the sky from day break to sunset The world is loaded with delightful hues. Hues effectsly affect our dispositions regular. Analysts have since a long time ago guessed that individuals' inclinations for shading and shading blends have profound physiological effects on you state of mind or feeling. Truth be told, inquire about suggests that shading can influence your being and that your decision of shading or blends of shading is critical to your state of mind. A case of this is solid individuals will lean toward hues and shading blends that mirror their wellbeing both genuinely and intellectually. Besides, your shading inclinations are not really fixed and that they will shift even inside a given day relying upon your state of mind. An assessment of what each shading must be made. The employments of shading have traversed numerous territory. Shading has been utilized for a considerable length of time in clinical medications around the globe. Before we can talk about how these hues influence us we should initially look at what each shading speaks to autonomously. Red is the shade of vitality, imperativeness and force. It is utilized for wearing out malignant growth, evaporating sobbing injuries or wounds, and so forth.; it will warm chilly territories to diminish torment. Red is an amazing recuperating specialist for mending infections of the blood and course. It will help with wretchedness. Red isn't to be utilized on individuals with hypertension or nervousness. On the off chance that you remain under the red beam excessively long or are presented to red for a significant time it will make you extremely disturbed or even forceful. Orange is additionally a shade of vitality. It is utilized to expand insusceptibility, to increment sexual power, to help in every single stomach related illness, chest and kidney maladies. Orange will have a delicate warming impact whenever utilized softly. Orange, similar to red ought not be utilized for a really long time. It's anything but a decent shading for brazen individuals or individuals effortlessly unsettled. Yellow is the shade of astuteness and it is utilized for mental incitement, it will assist you with intuition faster. It is useful for clearing a foggy head. To help fix dermatitis and other skin issues and again it must be utilized cautiously in light of the fact that it is extremely animating and it could cause fatigue and gloom. Green is the shade of congruity and parity. It is useful for tired nerves and it assists with the heart

Attentional Bias and Your Decisions

Attentional Bias and Your Decisions More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology The attentional bias involves the tendency to pay attention to some things while simultaneously ignoring others. This impacts not only the things that we perceive in the environment but the decisions that we make based upon our perceptions. What Exactly Is an Attentional Bias? When you are trying to make an important decision, do you always consider all of the possibilities? While we might like to think that we take all the alternatives into consideration, the reality is that we often overlook some options and possible outcomes. In some cases, our attention becomes focused on just a few of the options while we ignore the rest. This tendency represents a type of cognitive bias known as an attentional bias. Key Points About Attention in Psychology Why Attentional Bias Happens So why do we pay more attention to certain stimuli and ignore others? Some experts believe that this tendency might have an evolutionary basis. In order to ensure survival, our ancestors were more likely to survive if they paid greater attention to risky things in the environment and ignored things that did not pose a threat. If you have ever been in a frightening situation and experienced what is often referred to as tunnel vision in which you became hyper-aware and acutely focused on a specific threat, you can probably see how this tendency can be helpful. Researchers have found that emotional states can influence attentional bias. Anxious individuals tend to exhibit attentional bias early during an information process, while depressed individuals typically show attentional bias when stimuli are presented for a long period of time. Research One method that has been used to study attentional biases is known as the Stroop test. In this type of test, participants are asked to name the color of a printed word. In experiments, participants are shown words that are either emotionally negative or emotionally neutral. Attentional bias is shown if participants take longer to name the colors of emotionally negative words than neutral words on the assumption that the increased naming time occurs because emotionally negative words have to be attended to more than neutral words, write Eysenck and Keane in their textbook Cognitive Psychology: A Students Handbook. Essentially, the participants pay more attention to emotionally negative words, so it takes them longer to name the color of these words than those words that require less attention. Impact of Attentional Bias As you might imagine, this type of bias can have a dramatic impact on the decision-making process and can lead people to make bad or inaccurate choices. Time, Complexity, and Ambiguity Influence Decisions Researchers have found that people who have eating disorders tend to pay more attention to stimuli related to food, while individuals experiencing drug addictions tend to be hypersensitive to drug-related cues. For people struggling to recover from an eating disorder or addiction, this tendency to pay attention to certain signals while discounting others can make recovery that much more difficult. The attentional bias can also have an impact on memories. Since people can become overly focused on a single stimulus, they might neglect to notice other aspects of a situation. When recollecting the event later on, memories may be distorted, inaccurate, or incomplete due to this bias. How the Perceptual Process Works With Our Environment

The Worldly Struggles Of The Sun Shines Essay - 1479 Words

The Worldly Struggles The sun shines in the window of a modest house located in Indiana and pierces the eyes of a young couple. Groaning, the tired man struggles to his feet and stumbles out the room. As he is walking, he suddenly feels sharp, intense pain coming from his left shoulder, like someone snuck up behind him and stabbed his shoulder. Concerned, he rushes to the bathroom mirror to examine his left shoulder. As he takes off his shirt, he notices that half of his arm is black and blue. When he looks closer, he sees a tiny and badly infected claw scratch that his cat, Garfield, gave him three weeks ago. ’How did this happen?’ he thought to himself as he sprints out the door, gasping for air. He enters his car and flies down the road to the hospital. After months of multiple tests with the doctor, he found out that he has leukemia and blood cancer at the age of thirty-six. Similar infections from injuries, like in this situation, were quite common in Japan. Since the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Korean and Japanese people have been struggling to recover, both mentally and physically. In this paper, I will discuss the issue with nuclear weapons by explaining the events in history leading to the Atomic bombings, the victims’ struggle to recover from the bombings, and the action people are taking from the bombings in today’s society. The tension between the United State and Japan have? been around since the early 1900s. Though the United States andShow MoreRelatedSearching For SUmmer1011 Words   |  5 PagesJoan Aiken uses details to portray the dark, negative, worldly mood and the happy, bright, and energetic mood of the different settings. The negativity surrounding the people of England, and the world, have drastically changed their whole lives and have made the world even harder to live in. A cloud of obscurity and anguish that was caused by war is blocking the rays of bliss and delight; however one couple is determined to find â€Å"a bit of sun† pg. 66 that will change their lives forever. The peopleRead MoreAnne Bradstreet s The New World1385 Words   |  6 Pages but â€Å"male â€Å"precedency† should not blot out the achievements and gifts of women.† (Gordon, 242) She infers that her poetry is complementary to the poetry of men, that â€Å"This mean and unrefined ore of mine/Will make your glist’ring gold but more to shine† (47-48). â€Å"Secure men would gladly acknowledge when a woman accomplished something worth noting† (Wilson, 115) In Anne’s Elegy, â€Å"In Honour of that High and Mighty Princess, Queen ELIZABETH†, the narrator takes the role of a woman â€Å"who identifies withRead MoreThe Last Song, By Nicholas Sparks1664 Words   |  7 Pagesa man. Although society has slowly begun to depict the feminist woman as a strong, free thinking individual Hollywood has not represented this change in momentum in modern day cinema. Romantic drama films still portray the damsel in distress who struggles with problems unrelated to her love life, but is inexplicably can only be saved by a knight in shining armor, and without him her world would be in shambles, encouraging the dependence of women on men for emotional entertainment. The first stepRead MoreIm Not Scared1530 Words   |  7 Pagesumelenting landscape in which the members of Acqua Traverse are bound by. The children who travel to the outskirts of the town are swallowed up by the wheat that covered the hill, and as far as the horizon there is nothing but wheat, sky, crickets, sun and heat. The isolation is so immense that Michele describes it as a place forgotten by God and man. Acqua Traverse has always been Micheles whole world, as we can see during the harvest when Michele comments, it was as if God had given the wholeRead MoreLong As The Sun Shines, Grass Grows And The Rivers Flow Essay1877 Words   |  8 Pagespoints the documentary Fractured Lands failed to focus on with respect to hydraulic fracturing in Northern British Columbia treaty territories, it is important to first understand the issues at hand and their surrounding context. â€Å"As long as the sun shines, grass grows and the rivers flow†¦Ã¢â‚¬  written in the Treaty 8 accords, describes the length of time treaty 8 will remain valid (Booth et al, 2011). These words were meant to solidify a union between those settling and those native, but very littleRead MoreBob Marley’s Spiritual Rhetoric, the Spread of Jamaican Culture and Rastafarianism6348 Words   |  26 Pagesbeing in the United Kingdom as well as the Caribbean. Gilroy defines Marley calling him the greatest man in reggae music and the greatest leader and proponent of the spread of the Rasta religion. This article poses Marley â€Å"as an icon for the struggle for justice, peace and human rights† 5 not just another musician or pop icon. Although opposed to many established governmental policies, Marley was not an anti-establishment advocate. He was an individual that believed governments and everydayRead MoreThe Will of the River -Alfredo Gonzales Jr.; Sonia Francisco Icasiano;3383 Words   |  14 Pagesthe depths to which Sonias death crushed me, and phoenix- like have left my dead ashes, to sing the charms that the death of one so dearly loved can bring to the soul. I have known the darkness of occasional brooding, but I would dwell most upon a struggle with sorrow that has sweetened my nature, which otherwise, would have been stultified by the pain. Pain, I have realized, is beautiful only when one can rise from its depressing power. I have known the people who have become bitter and cynical underRead MoreFannie Lou Hamer Essay examples2194 Words   |  9 Pagesso hard and then have someone come along and destroy their efforts. Hamer took her work seriously and would not give in at any cost. Every struggle Fannie went through just added flame to the fire that burned inside. Well working with the SNCC Fannie did many things. She returned to her political activities more energized that ever, rising with the sun and going out in the early hours of the morning to canvass among day laborers in the fields, and making evening rounds to small countrysideRead MoreAs a Man Thinketh7418 Words   |  30 Pagesfaces of the aged there are wrinkles made by sympathy, others by strong and pure thought, others are carved by passion. Who cannot distinguish them? With those who have lived righteously, age is calm, peaceful, and softly mellowed, like the setting sun. I have recently seen a philosopher on his deathbed. He was not old except in years. He died as sweetly and peacefully as he had lived. There is no physician like cheerful thought for dissipating the ills of the body; there is no comforter to compareRead More Hinduism and Buddhism Essay6699 Words   |  27 Pagesfrom Brahma. To be able to have supervision over his beautiful creation he acquired himself three new heads. In present time Brahma is seen as inconsequential God and the extent of his worship is greatly less than it has once been. There are very few shines dedicated to him. His wife, Sarasvati, is the goddess of wisdom and learning. Many, especially the students or the brahmacharis of the Vedic schools, worship the celestial entity. Vishnu Vishnu is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining

Utopia Is A Dangerous Idea, Responsible For Millions Of...

Utopia is a dangerous idea, responsible for millions of deaths throughout the twentieth century. From the idealism of Lenin and Trotsky the communist revolutionaries all over the world to the Arianism and bond to blood and soil experienced by the Germans under Nazi rule. History has proven time and time again that attempting to achieve utopia only results in several wars and countless casualties. We could argue every aspect of the above mentioned socio-economic systems and only obtain a narrow understanding as to what truly defines a utopianist system. however, there is one point that I cannot concede, that is not prevalent in the two above mentioned utopian systems: Pragmatic liberalism is an emerging utopianist force and it is becoming dangerously popular amongst the general public. The methods we use in the first world are naive in regards to achieving universal goals. In saying so, I must make it clear that I do not condone conservatism or neo-liberalism as a solution to idealis tic centre politics, for the sole reason that I believe problems such as environmental sustainability, access to education, and equality should be held in higher regards than production and wealth. Therefore, in order to achieve the goals that may seem to lay just out of our reach, we must enact radical changes to our current socio-economic system. However the question remains, what is utopianism today? We cannot imagine our world without capitalism. After the fall of the Berlin wall,Show MoreRelatedDifferent Kinds of Terrorism3703 Words   |  15 Pagesterrorism refers to activities that involve acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of criminal law of the United States or any other state; appear to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; to influence the policy of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping; and occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States. International terrorism involves violent acts of acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminalRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and CultureRead MoreA Critical Review of â€Å"the Ambiguities of Football, Politics, Culture, and Social Transformation in Latin America† by Tamir Bar-on.14147 Words   |  57 Pagesis mainly because the gaming industry views the concept of video games as belonging to men. This is connected to the research problem in that not only are men considered more significant and valuable in the athletic field than women, but the same idea is paralleled in the video gaming industry. †¢ Reference: crawford, garry. Toy for Boys? Women’s marginalization and Participation as Digital Gamers. Sociological Research Online Volume 10, Issue 131 mar 2005 14 nov 2007 . Article 2: Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesChallenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constitutingRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesLeadership . . . . . . . 332 Situational or Contingency Models of Leadership . . . . . 332 Fiedler’s Leadership Contingency Model . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Path-Goal Theory of Leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Leadership in the Twenty-First Century . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 The Leadership Challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 Developing Leadership. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 15—Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Tourism Product- Components of the Tourism Industry Free Essays

Introduction to Tourism BEM1012 James Ince 620021716 number one tutorial question- Describe how the components of the tourism industry interact together in order to provide tourists with their holiday experience. Please state whether you agree, or disagree with the view of some academics that there is no such thing as the ‘Tourism Product’. In the industry of tourism, there are a number of components that link together, to provide a family, couple or a group with a vacation. We will write a custom essay sample on The Tourism Product- Components of the Tourism Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now These components are more like steps. These steps include, how you get to your destination, where you stay, what activities you do and who organizes all of these things. The formal names for these components are: accommodation sector, attraction sector, transport sector, travel organisers sector, destination sector. They all play a vital role in any vacation. The accommodation sector deals with where they are going to stay, for example, hotel, hostel and bed and breakfast. The attraction sector involves what activities the guest will do, while vacating. For example, Amusement parks, museums, beaches. The transport sector deals with how the tourist will get to their destination. Whether it is bus, train, plane or cruise ship. The travel organizers are the people that market and sell you the trips. For example, travel agents, tour guides, cruise lines. Destination sector is where the government assist a business. For example, Government may guarantee revenue, tax incentives to build hotels or attractions. All of these segments need to be balanced and coordinated properly to complete a successful industry. If anyone of these steps is not completed to a certain standard, it could impact on the overall industry. In the industry, there is something called the tourism product. This is what a destination collectively does, that either influences the tourist in a positive or negative way. At the end of the trip, it is the tourist perception of the destination, which is the tourism product. It is all the physical and non-physical components grouped together. For example, some of the physical components would be transportation and attractions. The non-physical components would be things like the weather and safety. The tourism product is providing the whole experience to the costumer, giving them the non-bias opinions for their vacation. Some academics have said that they don’t believe there is such thing as a tourism product. I disagree with this statement, because I believe you could have a successful business that provides all of these things to the costumer. My idea of the tourism product is having all of the components and steps needed to make the perfect vacation, added into one big step. This would save the customer, a lot of effort researching on their destination, which they know nothing about. They would get the insights, and secrets on their destination. Without all of the bias and marketing strategies. This business would be successful and reliable because, it is not their product to sell, they are just putting it together for the costumer. The business would have to put the whole trip together for the costumer. To achieve this the business would have to get an insight on what the costumer’s interests were, to therefore plan activities that they would enjoy. To complete this process, they would have to put together all of the components together. Starting with the accommodation sector. A good example of a tourism product is, in my country Barbados, there are many different kinds of vacations you could have. If you are of the wealthy class in England, you can come to Barbados and stay in a five star resort. You can take the expensive chartered yachts out for the day as attractions. There are BBW’s you can rent to drive around for you transportation, this way; you can have all the things you have at home. If this life style does not suit you and you are more of a middle class citizen in England. You could buy a cheap airplane ticket, from a travel agent on your street. Arrive on virgin or British airways. Stay in a three star hotel, rent a small car. Choose attractions that suit you, going to the beach, spending days in rum shops. Both of these examples give a brief explanation about what the tourism product is. The first component that the tourist must deal with while planning their vacation is, accommodation sector. This sector deals with where the tourists stay when they are vacating. This sector really depends on who is it is staying, whether it is a family, young couple, honeymooners or elderly. It depends on this because; they will want to be close to attractions that they enjoy. For example, young people will want to be close to the club street, while elderly would like to be close to museums or spas. This links to other components because, for transportation. They would like to fly in near to their hotel; therefore they wouldn’t have to pay so much to get from the airport to their hotel. This reasoning also applies to the attraction sector also, because the tourist vacating, would prefer to be close to the attractions, that they have chosen to participate in. This sector is vital in planning for a vacation, because it determines where you are going to stay. The two factors that help people decide where they are going to stay are price and quality. These two factors usually come hand in hand. Although if you do enough research and enough asking around. You will find a cheap place to stay, with standard quality. The main challenges that occur when dealing with these components are: safety, quality, how central it is, fake marketing and how busy it will be. The second component that is dealt with when planning a vacation is the transportation sector. This sector deals with how the tourist will get from their home to their destination. When tourist plans this stage, they look for the cheapest, safest and best quality flight. This links to the previous component because, when you are traveling you want to get near to where you are staying. Therefore you wont have to travel far to get to your accommodation, and save money on extra traveling expenses. This component also depends on what kind of group is going on this vacation. If you have young ones that you are traveling with you won’t book first class because they would probably be too loud. It also depends on how wealthy you are. For example if you can’t afford first class, it is unnecessary to book it because it is a luxury need, not a necessity. The third component of the tourism industry is the attraction sector. This sector deals with what the tourist will do while on vacation. To plan this, you must first look at who is traveling. For example, if it is a young group of friends, then attractions that suit them are nightclubs or amusement parks. If elderly are traveling, then museums or restaurants will attract them. This links to transport because; you need a way to get there. If it is nearby, then taxi will be adequate, but if the journey is far, then a train or bus may be necessary. It also links to the component accommodation because of the same reason; you want to search for attractions near to your hotel. You want to do this because; you don’t have to pay that extra for distance transportation. The fourth component is the travel organizer. This sector is about who markets, sells and organizes your trip. This is the sector that is advertised in the television and radio; these people put together your trip, and try to make it as cost affected as they can. Examples of travel organizers would be cruise lines. Cruise lines are all in one package deals, you pay for everything upfront, and the whole trip is planned for you. This is a sensible trip, because you know how much you are spending upfront. The fifth and last component is the destination sector. This sector deals with government assisting and helping the tourism industry. The government does this, because they want to economy to be competitive, and each industry to strive. Examples of government assisting the industry would be, government pay for infrastructure, incentives to build hotels or other attractions, training course for staff and allowing a business to do something, in order to attract people. This component links to the others, because some businesses cannot afford to do all of these things without help from government. To conclude, each of these components assist each other, in order for people to have a balanced trip. These components include, accommodations, attractions, transportation, travel organizers and destination sector. Each of these is needed for a tourist to have an enjoyable trip. If one of these components is not completed, the whole trip could be impacted majorly, there needs to be a balance among all of the steps. In the industry there is something called the tourism product, this product is the perception of the destination, from the tourist’s point of view. Whether the perception is negative or positive. It is how all of the components have come together, and how well they complemented, and worked with each other. Many academics think that there is no such thing as a tourism product; I disagree with this opinion, because I believe you can have a successful business, which provides all of these components to a customer. How to cite The Tourism Product- Components of the Tourism Industry, Papers

The Use of L1 in English Classes in Saudi Arabia Teachers Support or a Learning Hindrance

Abstract The usage of the first language in the English classes is the controversial question in education. The effectiveness of using Arabic in the English classroom with references to the participants’ attitudes to the process is the focus of the research. Thus, the paper aims to present the evidence in relation to students and teachers’ attitudes towards the usage of Arabic in the English classes basing on the data from the survey.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Use of L1 in English Classes in Saudi Arabia: Teachers’ Support or a Learning Hindrance? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Two types of questionnaires were developed for teachers and students in order to investigate the situation in the English classroom and the participants’ opinions on the use of the first language while teaching and studying English. According to the results of this research, teachers and stu dents actively use Arabic in the English classroom, and this fact contributes to increasing students’ motivation and comprehension, but many participants state that this approach is rather inappropriate. Introduction The problem of using the first language in the classroom environments while teaching English still remains one of the most controversial questions in education and studying linguistics. Researchers have no single idea in relation to the effectiveness of using L1 in the English classroom (Duff Polio, 1990; Moskovsky Alrabai, 2009). Furthermore, teachers and students present different vision of the necessity to use L1 while studying or teaching English. This problem is also relevant for the English classroom environments in Saudi Arabia where teachers and students hesitate in relation to the effectiveness of using Arabic while learning and teaching English. Researchers cannot agree in relation to using L1 and L2 in the English classroom because different programs are developed to achieve various results. There is no single program according to which teachers are allowed or prohibited to use Arabic in the English classes in Saudi Arabia. From this perspective, the research is important to focus on the perspectives of using L1 in order to stimulate students’ activities and increase their level in learning English.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The opinions of researchers on the issue of using L1 in the English classroom are divided into two opposite groups. Thus, the supporters of the idea that L1 contributes to learning English while helping students understand the particular meanings and structures are inclined to stimulate the adequate usage of L1 in the English classroom to create the comfortable atmosphere for students (Macaro, 2005; Turnbul Dailey-O’Cain, 2009). The opponents of the idea that L1 can be helpful in learning English state that students become more passive in their learning activities relying on their abilities to understand tasks and questions spoke in their native language (Al-Nofaile, 2010; Richards Rodgers, 2001). That is why, to understand the aspects of using Arabic in the English classroom in Saudi Arabia, it is necessary to conduct the study involving students and teachers and to analyze their opinions in relation to the problem. Literature Review Having reviewed the previous researches on the problem of using L1 in teaching English in relation to the worldwide practice and concrete situation in Saudi Arabia, it is possible to state that the data provided in the previous studies are not enough to conclude about the positive or negative effects of using L1 while teaching English. The question remains one of the main concerns in the field of education. To find the answer to the question, researchers focus on the effective practices to use L1 to help students while learni ng English (Cook, 2001; Turnbull Daily-O’Cain, 2009). According to Cook, L1 can be discussed as the effective tool to help students create meaningful connections to the concepts learnt in the context of the unknown language (Cook, 2001). The teacher can become the real motivator for students when he or she speaks in a language which is understandable easily. That is why, L1 becomes the effective tool to regulate students’ activities not only while providing the necessary instructions but also as a result of motivating for achieving the higher results in the learning process.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Use of L1 in English Classes in Saudi Arabia: Teachers’ Support or a Learning Hindrance? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In their work, Duff and Polio present the general discussion of the effectiveness of using L1 in the classroom, basing on the results of the tests and stu dents’ personal visions of the usefulness of the practice (Duff Polio, 1990). Following Macaro’s discussion, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that students have to switch codes more often when two different languages are used within the classroom environment (Macaro, 2005). Nevertheless, L1 is important to contribute to the theory and practice of learning English with references to the approaches used by teachers in order to help students understand the content of the lesson, lecture, practical activities, or seminar (Machaal, 2010). In his study, Al-Nofaile pays attention to analyzing the attitudes of Saudi teachers and students towards using Arabic while studying English. The researcher states that many teachers and students discuss the usage of L1 as the positive practice because students receive the opportunity to comprehend the material more properly, and teachers’ expectations in relation to the students’ performance and classroom manag ement are met more often (Al-Nofaile, 2010). According to Moskovsky and Alrabai, the usage of L1 in the English classes stimulates students’ motivation in learning English because they feel more comfortable and do not hesitate to ask about the unknown words or notions in their native language (Moskovsky Alrabai, 2009). According to Richards and Rodgers, students feel experience more difficulties in learning the second language if the teacher allows using the first language during the classroom activities. From this point, the frequent code switching makes students feel uncomfortable, and they cannot understand definite ideas discussed by teachers and words spoken in the second language because of focusing on the code switching activities (Richards Rodgers, 2001).Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Those researchers who do not support the idea of using L1 in the English classroom build their arguments referring to the problems experienced by students while switching codes or adapting to the new language environment (Saito Ebsworth, 2004). Thus, the use of L1 can prevent students from adapting to the new language realities because of the strong connections with the native languages and hopes that the difficult material can be presented with references to the native language. Many teachers use L1 in order to help their students complete the tests and assignments effectively without contributing to their understanding the English language’s aspects (Saito Ebsworth, 2004). This problem is correlated with the issue of the L1 overuse in the English classes. Many researchers agree that the use of L1 is appropriate in relation to such activities as the work with dictionaries, but it can be avoided when the teacher tries to maintain the discipline or present the new material b asing on the previously learnt material and information. However, the researches state that it is possible to expect students’ positive attitudes toward using L1 in the English classroom environments (Saito Ebsworth, 2004). The idea is supported with the fact that students often experience a lot of difficulties when they start learning English. These difficulties can be not overcome even during the further study, and students are used to receive the instructions and explanations in their native language (Richards Rodgers, 2001). The issue is complicated by the fact that not all the students working in the English classes can discuss Arabic as their native language. As a result, the problem of using L1 while teaching and learning English should be examined within the larger context (Moskovsky Alrabai, 2009). Nevertheless, following the purpose of the study, it is important to focus on the usage of Arabic as the first language in teaching English in Saudi Arabia. Research Qu estions The paper aims to reduce the lack of the background information on the research topic. That is why, this research aims to respond to the following questions: What are the attitudes and beliefs among students towards the use of L1 in English classrooms in Saudi Arabia? What are the attitudes and beliefs among teachers towards the use of L1 in English classrooms in Saudi Arabia? Purpose and Significance of the Study The previous research on the effectiveness of using L1 language in English classroom settings is not enough to answer the question of the appropriateness to use Arabic while teaching English. This research is developed to state whether it is necessary for teachers and students to use Arabic in English classrooms. The discussion of using L1 as the necessary support or possible hindrance can become useful for developing the effective program on improvement of the process of learning English among the students in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, referring to the studyâ₠¬â„¢s results, it is possible to conclude about the real attitudes of students to the use of L1 in the English classes and the real rates of using L1 by teachers. It is important to note that today many teachers reject their use of L1 while teaching English because this practice is not supported by many researchers and educators. Methodology Participants The participants of the study are 20 students and 10 teachers studying and working at Najran Technical College. The participants are chosen randomly and contacted with the help of e-mail. Method and Procedure The study is based on the information gained with references to the primary and secondary data. The techniques of the qualitative research were used. Students and teachers participated in the survey conducted with the help of e-mail. Two types of questionnaires were developed for students and teachers separately. The questions for surveys were developed to help the participants express their opinion on the effectiveness and nec essity of using L1 (Arabic) in the English classes. Students and teachers answered open and close-ended questions. 2 students and 1 teacher rejected the participation in the survey. Thus, the results in relation to 18 students and 9 teachers were finally analyzed to conclude about the research questions. The survey results are recorded and stored. The secondary data received with the help of literature review were important to analyze the answers provided by the participants as the primary data. From this point, the examination of the secondary data provides the necessary theoretical frameworks for the current research (Creswell, 2009). The received information was effectively combined with references to various secondary sources. This approach provides the chance to make effective inquiries and a consistent investigation on the related topic (Merriam, 2009). The names or identifying pieces of information were not included in the transcripts of the surveys. Furthermore, legal aspect s of this research such as informed consent, access to participants, and voluntary participation were taken into account following the college’s code of conduct. Participants were informed that the provided information would be used for the research. Results The analysis of the survey allowed the identification of the attitudes and beliefs among students and teachers towards the use of L1 in English classrooms in Saudi Arabia. This study depends on the large amount of data acquired from the survey and secondary resources. The data analysis was conducted after the data collection. The facts gained through the survey were transcribed in tables and analyzed with the help of the qualitative content analysis. The answers of 18 students and 9 teachers reflected in survey tables were analysed to find the similarities and differences in responses and conclude about teachers and students’ attitudes towards the usage of L1 (Arabic) in the English classes. Having examined the app lications in the language learning, it is possible to state that the research has showed positive effects in terms of the students’ attitudes towards using Arabic while teaching and learning English. It was found with references to the survey that 16 students prefer when teachers use Arabic explaining the new material or notions. Moreover, the majority of students like to receive the instructions regarding the classroom management in their native language. Students stated that it is rather difficult to understand the specific aspects of the English language without receiving the necessary explanation in L1. Furthermore, many instructions provided in English without the translation are not followed by students appropriately because they hesitate about the correctness of understanding the instruction. Nevertheless, 13 students state that the use of L1 should be restricted if not prohibited in the English classes. 17 students agree that they regularly use Arabic in their English classes because it is difficult for them to express their ideas in English without transferring to their native language. Moreover, 6 students state that they experience difficulties when the teacher does not use L1 because they feel uncomfortable in the environments where the unknown language is used. This idea is correlated with the opinion provided by 6 teachers. The teachers participating in the survey claim that Arabic should not be used in the English classes in order to stimulate students’ success in learning and understanding English in the appropriate context. However, the attitudes of teachers in relation to the use of L1 can be discussed as positive because 7 teachers state that they regularly use Arabic in order to explain the notions, grammar rules, or provide the cross-cultural references. 5 teachers pay attention to the fact that using the authentic literature, they try to avoid referring to L1, but they notice that students do not understand them. From this p oint, the usage of L1 can be discussed as the effective tool to stimulate the students’ comprehension activities and to create the comfortable environment Discussion The study’s results presented the data to support the idea that students and teachers actively use Arabic in the English classes because it is an effective tool to stimulate the comprehension and reaction. However, students and teachers discuss the idea of the constant usage of L1 while learning English as inappropriate because the general motivation decreases, and students can fail to understand English frequently. A number of themes emerge from the analysis of the teachers’ responses during the survey. It is observed from the findings that teachers experience a number of problems while using only English in their classrooms. That is why, they are inclined to agree that the usage of L1 can be discussed as effective to stimulate students’ learning activities. The effective use of authentic li terature and materials can be discussed as an emerging sub-theme of the study because teachers stated that the teaching resources could serve the purpose of studying only if they are used appropriately, and students can also use them efficiently. This problem was discussed in the context of students and teachers’ personal efficacies in relation to the use of only English in the classroom environments (Richards Rodgers, 2001). The diverse information presented in survey were analysed with references to the secondary resources. The experiences of students and teachers were examined regarding the possible similarities and differences in their attitudes toward using L1 in the classroom environments during the English teaching-learning activities. The teachers state that the use of Arabic in the English classes encourage students to participate actively in the activities because the situation becomes familiar for them. The problem is in the fact that many students learning Englis h suffer from the lack of motivation. Nevertheless, the effects of using L1 in the English classroom on the students’ motivation can be different. Teachers are inclined to promote the idea that the use of L1 decreases the learning motivation when students state that it can contribute significantly to their desire to learn English. In general, teachers agree that there is a strong relation between the use of L1 and students’ success in learning English. This opinion is associated with the idea that the more promising future of a nation depends on the capacity to offer the quality training to the younger generations. The use of L1 is observed in these findings as a key element in the development of effective learning environments. The advantage of using L1 is in the fact that it offers a valid platform through which instructional processes associated with the experience or actual application of learned concepts can be organized effectively in classroom settings. It is ob served from the above discussion that the integration of L1 into learning environments forms a viable path through which the teaching and learning processes can be appropriately enhanced. Based on the analysis of the views and suggestions of the teachers, this research demonstrates that teachers are mostly likely to adopt L1 for their instructional methods because the instructions perceived by students should be convenient and relevant. Secondly, it is observed that the use of traditional Arabic is still widespread in Saudi Arabian educational systems in teaching all the foreign languages. It is suggested that the further research should be conducted in the area of L1 application in universities in order to examine the other aspects of this multi-dimensional topic. The continued support and considerations of key potential factors influencing the attitudes of teachers form the underlying foundation upon which sustained positive attitudes of teachers towards the use of L1 may be ancho red. The role of the language of the teaching resources provided was also discussed as an important factor to influence the fact of teachers’ usage of Arabic in English classes. However, teachers did not support the idea that it could be possible to use Arabic in all the situations (Duff Polio, 1990). The problem is initiating a program of learning English which can support or prohibit the usage of L1 in the English classes. The teachers were reluctant to take part in a program that had little chances for success. Thus, the program with the focus on usage of only L2 was discussed as the example of the ineffective program because of decreasing the student’s motivation and abilities to understand the instructions. To guarantee students’ high levels in understanding English, speaking, reading, and writing it as the foreign language, it is necessary to develop the program which is based on the balance in using L1 and L2 in classes because, referring to the studyâ⠂¬â„¢s results, it is necessary to note that students and teachers use L1 in practice. The usage of L1 is frequent and necessary in spite of the fact that participants of the study reject the necessity to allow teachers and students to use Arabic while participating in the classroom activities. Much attention should be paid to the students’ needs in receiving the appropriate explanations in their native language because their comprehension abilities can be not developed enough in order to react to the teachers’ instructions and requirements appropriately. From this point, teachers should be allowed to use Arabic in definite teaching activities, while explaining rules, notions, translating words, and providing the complicated instructions. Conclusion The results of the current study support and emphasize the idea that students and teachers’ attitudes towards using Arabic in the English classes in Saudi Arabia are positive. From this point, students and teachers a gree that the usage of L1 in the classroom environments can support the learning process, can enhance the students’ performance, and can present a lot of benefits for teachers striving to improve the learning process and achieve the higher results. The findings of the present study demonstrate that teachers are willing to use L1 in their English classrooms. However, there is the overwhelming support for the fact that their hesitations in relation to the appropriateness of such a method should be taken into consideration in the development of an effective policy to the implementation of L1 instructions in colleges. The factors included were not limited to training and capacity building for teachers as well as students on the use of L1. However, the further approach should be conducted to examine the educators’ visions of the effective curriculum and appropriate plans. The teachers presented a number of reservations, and they also supported the idea that the associated i ssues could be resolved basing in the implementation of the rules of using L1 in the classroom. It is possible to assume referring to the study’s results that students with the developed abilities in learning foreign languages can gain more benefits from the situation when L1 is not used in the classroom environments because this situation motivates students to perform better. On the contrary, those students who demonstrate weak abilities in learning English need instructions and explanations in their native language in order to guarantee that all the tasks will be completed appropriately. From this point, it is rather difficult to conclude about the advantages or disadvantages of using Arabic in the English classroom without the further detailed investigation of the problem. Referring to the study’s findings, it is necessary to note that the majority of students prefer those teachers who provide instructions in the native language because this situation helps students to adapt to the new language environments. References Al-Nofaile, H. (2010). 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The Open applied Linguistics Journal, 2(1), 1-10. Richards, J. C. Rodgers, T.S, (2001). Approaches and methods in language teaching. New York: Cambridge University Press. Saito, H., Ebsworth, M. (2004). Seeing English language teaching and learning through the eyes of Japanese EFL and ESL students. Foreign Language Annals, 37(1) 111-122. Turnbul, M., Dailey-O’Cain, J. (2009). Introduction in first language use in second and foreign language learning. Toronto: Multilingual Matters. This research paper on The Use of L1 in English Classes in Saudi Arabia: Teachers’ Support or a Learning Hindrance? was written and submitted by user Jazmin Sutton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.